This isn’t just because of the spirit of the holiday season, but rather because there are tax benefits for many Americans when they donate to charity. For the approximately 15% of Americans who itemize their taxes, a charitable donation often means an additional deduction on their income taxes, meaning a charitable donation in December becomes a smaller tax bill in April. How does all of this work? How can you tell if you’re in the percentage of Americans who will see tax benefits from charitable donations? Let’s start with the basics of income taxes. Read also: ZDNet’s income tax guide Read also: ZDNet’s guide to filling out taxes From that amount, you’re able to deduct some things. One of them is charitable donations. You can also deduct interest on your mortgage, some medical and dental expenses, and state and local income taxes, among many other things. One issue that many people will be dealing with since the pandemic pushed many employees to work from home is deducting home office expenses. Others who have leaned into small businesses and side gigs will want to understand small business home tax deductions. Let’s say Tammy makes $40,000 at her job and also earns $10,000 from a small side business she runs from home. Her gross income is $50,000. However, from that, she’s able to deduct $15,000 in various things – mortgage interest, small business home tax deductions and possibly student loan interest payments. This means, in the end, she only has to pay income tax on $35,000. Many documents and personal finance experts will refer to adjusted gross income or modified adjusted gross income. That generally refers to your gross income minus the deductions you can claim. So, Tammy’s adjusted gross income is $35,000. Read also: ZDNet’s freelancer tax guide Remember Tammy? She’s a single person, so her tax brackets look like this in 2021:
10%: Up to $9,87512%: $9,876 to $40,12522%: $40,126 to $85,525
What this means is that her first $9,875 in taxable income is taxed at a 10% rate, then all income from $9,876 to $40,125 is taxed at a 12% rate, then the rest of her income up to the $50,000 she earned is taxed at the 22% rate. So, if she were paying taxes on the full $50,000, she would owe:
10% of $9,875, plus12% of $30,250 (which is $40,125 minus $9,875), plus22% of $9,875 (which is $50,000 minus $40,125)
That adds up to $6,790 in taxes. Remember, most Americans don’t directly face this bill each year. Instead, money is taken out of each paycheck to cover this. When you file your taxes, you’re simply reporting your income and making sure that the money taken out of your check covers that amount. Now, let’s see how deductions change that story for Tammy. After deductions, she’s only paying taxes on $35,000. She would owe:
10% of $9,875, plus12% of $25,125 (which is $35,000 minus $9,875)
That adds up to only $4,002.50 in taxes. Those $15,000 in deductions reduced her taxes by $2,787.50, keeping that money right in her pocket. For most people, these kinds of deductions result in a tax refund check during tax season. That’s because the amount taken out of their checks usually assumes that they’re paying taxes with limited deductions, so there’s plenty taken out of their paycheck. If you’re able to deduct many things, then you will have overpaid your taxes by quite a bit, resulting in a big and potentially life-changing tax refund check. In Tammy’s situation, every single additional charitable donation would make her taxable income lower. It would reduce that amount taxed at 12% in the above example, so if she donated $100, she’d see a $12 lower income tax bill, meaning her donation really only cost her $88. In other words, charitable donations when you already have many deductions reduce your taxes by a little (or by a lot, if you’re in a high tax bracket). To make tax filing more efficient, the IRS offers all citizens a deal: you can just take a standard deduction rather than making a big list of all of your deductions. You simply choose the highest option for you – either the standard deduction or the total of all the things you can actually deduct, like charity and mortgage interest. The real challenge in figuring out whether to itemize is simply finding evidence for all of your deductible expenses. For a single person, that standard deduction is currently $12,550. That means that if you don’t have any mortgage interest and haven’t made a single charitable donation this year, you still get $12,550 chopped off your gross income before taxes are calculated. For married couples, that means $25,100 in deductions, and that’s more than most people can find in their expenses. In order for charitable giving to reduce your tax bill, you need to have deductions that add up to more than the standard deduction. As a result, only around 15% of Americans actually itemize their deductions [removed Tax Foundation link since it was already used in the intro]; the rest just take the standard deduction. The biggest part of this group is homeowners with an active mortgage with a large balance, as interest on home mortgages is typically a large deduction for most people. For example, a $500,000 mortgage with 4% interest will accumulate $19,800 in interest during the first year of payments, which is itself enough to nearly overcome the standard deduction for married couples. In pricey housing markets, such large mortgages are typical. Another group that often itemizes their taxes is extremely high-income earners, who often accumulate plenty of deductions even without the need for a mortgage because of the various uses of their wealth. However, if you are an American with no more or little left on your mortgage and are earning anything close to a typical American income, you’re almost assuredly taking the standard deduction, which means that additional charitable giving doesn’t have an additional tax benefit for you. If you have a big mortgage or a really high income, there are several things you can do to help ensure you get as many deductions as possible, starting with saving lots of receipts.
